The Theories Of Female Offenders - 965 Words

Theories of female offenders Most of the theories of crime was developed to explain male crimes by male criminologists. For decades, women offending challenges traditional theoretical explanations of crime, which were developed to explain male offenders. There were a few debates that indicate the concern of whether the theories were being used equally to explain both female and male crime. Criminologists came to a conclusion that the traditional theories are male-specific theories. For that particular reason, they argue that those theories are not suitable to explain female crimes. However, both the social process and traditional structure theories explain a gender neutrality in crime. They also give a better understanding for both male and female crime. The social process and traditional structure theory explained why female crime rates are rather lower than males. The social process theory tend to explain the traditional crime with regards to differential opportunity to lean criminal techniques and values. The use of the traditional theory shows evidence in which considered the overlap on the causes of crimes committed by both genders. Studies shows that both male and female offenders that came in contact with the criminal justice system often came from a social background that are typically of low socioeconomic status, poorly educated, under or unemployed, and minority groups (Steffensmeir and Allan, 1995). The only difference between male and female offenders is, femaleShow MoreRelatedThe Theories Of Crime Causation Essay1414 Words   |  6 Pages Theories of Crime Causation Dolores Jackson Williams Colorado Technical University Juvenile offender 1. Biological theory states that the individual will have certain traits will be transmitted from parent to children through genetics and not from social learning. Along with the juvenile having similar facial characteristics, which some believe also predisposes them to criminal behavior (Palmerin, 2012). 2. Rational choice theory states that the person will make sensible and reasonableRead MoreSocial Reaction Theory And Feminist Theory Of Crimes1476 Words   |  6 PagesReaction Theory and Feminist Theory of Crimes are the subject theories I am going to review, examine, and explain. I will be discussing the evolution of social reaction and labeling theory, which is mainly concerned with how individuals’ personal identities are highly influenced by the way that society has a tendency to classify them as offenders. I will also be reviewing the various forms of feminist theories, which began as reactions to the lack of reasonable theorizing about why females commit crimeRead MoreGender Differences Within Juvenile Status Offenses1650 Words   |  7 Pages18 such as skipping school or running away from home. Other examples include curfew violations, possession and consumption of alcohol, and possession and use of tobacco. Theories such as the labeling theory and Robert Agnewâ₠¬â„¢s General Strain Theory attempt to explain why females commit juvenile status offenses. Additional theories attempt to explain their treatment in the juvenile justice system such as the Chivalry Hypothesis. Based on the rising rates of status offenses for girls and the unique factorsRead MoreGender Roles : The Juvenile Justice System1244 Words   |  5 Pagesnow more so than ever, females crime rates have increased. In some instances within the juvenile justice system, it may appear that boys and girls are comparable; however there are differences, even though they are subtle. As opposed to their male counterpart, female offenders have dissimilar needs, mainly due to unequal victimization that includes physical and or sexual abuse as well as mental health complications (U.S. Department of Justice, 1998). Criminal behavior by females has been commonly seenRead MoreDescribe and critique Moffitt1801 Words   |  6 Pagestaxonomy theory of offending behaviour as an attempt to expl ain the developmental processes that lead to the shape of the age crime curve. Moffitt proposed that there are two primary types of antisocial offenders in society. First the Adolescent Limited Offender who exhibits antisocial behaviour only during adolescence, and secondly, the Life-Course-Persistent offender, who behave in an antisocial manner from early childhood into adulthood. Moffitt s theory can be applied to both females and malesRead MoreA Historical Context That Changed Perspectives985 Words   |  4 Pagescriminological theories focused on the offender and motivations that leads to criminal acts. Cohen and Felson (1979) proposed a different aspect where they shifted the focus from offender and motivations to the criminal act itself and opportunities behind it (Andrews, 2004). One important aspect is that lifestyle theory by Hindelang back in 1978 and the routine activities theory by Cohen and Felson (1979) are merely the same. Routine activities could be seen as an expansion of lifestyle theory or as manyRead MoreA Critical Evaluation of two Research Methods, Qualitative and Quantitative1585 Words   |  7 Pagesin the Home: Females and Residential BurglaryThis article uses a qualitative research method. Qualitative research involves analyzing and interpreting texts and interviews in order to discover meaningful patterns descriptive of a particular phenomenon (Adler Clarke, 2008, p.13.). The method has been adopted to investigate the research question. The research question is; what involvement do women have in residential burglaries. This research question is analysed by comparing female characteristicsRead MoreEssay female juvenile crime736 Words   |  3 Pages Traditionally, there has been little research on or interest in the impact of female cri me in modern society. In addition, juvenile crime rates are on the rise, which combine for a void of research or information on female juvenile offenders. In general, crime rates for women offenders have risen since the 1990s. Increasing numbers of young women are also offending at higher rates. In a 1996 U.S. Department of Justice Report, the number of arrests of young women had doubled between 1989 and 1993Read MoreQualitative Research : Quantitative Research Essay1320 Words   |  6 Pages(University of Wisconsin-Madison-Health Services Ebling Library, 2016). Qualitative research is biased and uses preliminary reasoning to combine data (University of Wisconsin-Madison-Health Services Ebling Library, 2016). Qualitative research establishes theories to help explain the phenomena while focusing on the experiences and opinions of all study subjects (Verhoef Casebeer, 1997). Qualitative research has a broad and more in-depth discussion (University of Wisconsin-Madison-Health Service s Ebling LibraryRead MoreCriminal Law And Its Effect On Society951 Words   |  4 Pagessocial behavior. The law breaking has potential punishment which its purpose is to keep orderly functioning society. Criminal laws only works if it is enforced some areas are stricter than others. The guarantee of punishment will stop offenders or first time offender from ever committing a crime again. I don’t believe the law is too restrictive; the law is design to work with society social norm. The law could be harsher in the area where is more heavily enforcing like the difference in Texas and

Silence Kills, Animal Farm Essay Free Essays

Haley Zrnchik Mrs. Hawkins Honors English 1, Red 1 13 December 2012 Silence Kills In George Orwell’s Animal Farm, Benjamin, a soft-spoken donkey, finds his once peaceful home transformed into a tyrannical dictatorship led by a power-hungry pig named Napoleon. Because of Benjamin’s reserved nature, he ultimately was able to lead Animal Farm into its oppression. We will write a custom essay sample on Silence Kills, Animal Farm Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now Benjamin’s silence, his ability to follow without question, and his inability to share his wisdom with the other animals turned him into one of the main contributors to the tyrannical behavior that occurred and the loss of freedom and equality on Animal Farm. When someone keeps their thoughts silent, it usually allows wrong to happen; in this case, Benjamin and his reserved nature is what helped to fuel the farm’s oppression. So when: â€Å"Benjamin . . . seemed to understand, but would say nothing† (109) he allowed the other animals to go without knowing about Napoleon’s true intentions. Perhaps Benjamin assumed that his silence would protect him, and that by staying silent, he was not creating more drama and instead helping to minimize it. Even though Benjamin is one of the more intelligent animals on the farm, his standoffishness is what helped Napoleon lead as a dictator: â€Å"Benjamin . . nodded his muzzle with a knowing air† (109) Benjamin had the ability to share his wisdom with the other animals on the farm. However, instead of spreading the truth about Napoleon, Benjamin kept to himself and refused to meddle in what he considered to be â€Å"nonsense†. Benjamin refused to voice his thoughts and because of that, he allowed his friends to die, his home to be destroyed, and his life to be turned into that of a follower. Instead of speaking up, Benjamin quietly followed the orders he was given. So while he never volunteered to do extra work, he never did less than what he was supposed to: â€Å". . . ven . . . Benjamin . . . did [his] share† (60-61) Because Benjamin did not try to overthrow Napoleon, he allowed Napoleon to become a stronger and more influential dictator on Animal Farm. Had Benjamin not allowed himself to be turned into a follower, he most likely would have been able to prevent the farm’s oppression. More often than not, it is the followers that help to fuel a tyranny: â€Å"Benjamin was watching . . . [silently and] intently† (102). Followers sit, watch, do what they are told, and they listen. While Benjamin may not have agreed with Napoleon’s rulings, he never objected to any of them either. Benjamin is a follower and he always will be, because even though he possesses the qualities of a leader, he doesn’t have the strength, the care, or the willpower to speak up. Benjamin was always quiet soul, but when he lost Boxer, the pain in his heart only intensified. Benjamin tried to save his dear friend before he was sent to the â€Å"knacker’s† but alas, he wasn’t fast enough: â€Å"Come at once! They’re taking Boxer away! † he shouted . . . Sure enough, there was a . . . van, drawn by two horses . . . And Boxer’s stall was empty . . . â€Å"Good-bye, Boxer! † [The animals] chorused . . . â€Å"Fools! Fools! † shouted Benjamin . . . â€Å"Fools! Do you not see what is written on . . . that van? . . . Alfred Simmonds, Horse Slaughterer . . . They are taking Boxer to the knacker’s! † . . . But the van was already . . . drawing away from them . . . [And] Boxer was never seen again. After losing Boxer, Benjamin recoiled deeper into his shell of silence. Little did Benjamin realize that if he chose to harness his anger and use it as a tool to fight against Napoleon, he probably would have been victorious. Even though he spoke in a condescending and undermining tone before, after Boxer died, Benjamin chose not to speak at all: â€Å"Only old Benjamin was much the same as ever . . except . . . since Boxer’s death, more morose and taciturn than ever† (128) Benjamin’s growing silence caused him to become a bigger contributor to the loss of freedom and equality on Animal Farm. At this point, he wouldn’t speak up; Benjamin confirmed his spot as a follower and never as anything more. Sometimes si lence is the deadliest weapon. Benjamin proved that by remaining quiet through a time of oppression, one would only be helping to promote a leader’s totalitarianism. His stubborn silence, his adamancy towards following his orders, and his taciturn attitude after the death of Boxer only stood to show that a follower sometimes can be the strongest contribution to a tyranny. Napoleon’s dictatorship, while strong, would not have been as successful had it not been for his followers. Benjamin and the others, while they may not have realized it, were key attributes needed to lead to the ultimate removal of freedom and equality on Animal Farm. Works Cited Orwell, George. Animal Farm: With Connections. Austin, TX: Holt, Rinehart, and Winston, 1999. Print. How to cite Silence Kills, Animal Farm Essay, Essays

Stress in the Workplace Demands and Constraints

Question: Discuss about theStress in the Workplacefor Demands and Constraints. Answer: Introduction Stress in the workplace has been a present issue in the organizations today. Work can be stressful and it could disrupt an individual the work balance of their life. The stress in the workplace can come from many ways such as being given many tasks, which are demanding, conflicts in the roles. In this report, it examines the causes of the stress in the workplace and the impact it has impacted their well-being. Stress refers to the situation in which individuals who are working encounters demands, constraints and opportunities. Work can be stressful and it could disrupt an individual the work balance of their life. The stress in the workplace can come from many ways such as being given many tasks, which are demanding, conflicts in the roles, ethical dilemmas issues, as well as the interpersonal problems. According to the research that has been done many of the studies have pointed the majority of the stress that individuals suffer nowadays have resulted from a lot of work they have been given to handle as well as the pressure they derive from the workplace. Insight is crucial towards the management of the stress as well as the prevention (Beehr, 2014). The workplace is usually an environment to which there is full of concerns, and the tension is very high. Stress can come from anywhere regardless of the workplace, which may include salary, relationships with other workers, performance at work and even promotion. There has been an alarming incidence of reports on the stress of the employees in the workplace over the last few years and the impact it has brought. This has led the management of the stress to be an important strategy for many of the Australian company. The stress in the workplace survey been undertaken through questionnaires within Australia banking industry between January 31, 2017 to 8 February 2017 among ten adults who are aged above eighteen years and they reside in the Australia who are either employed on the full-time basis, or part-time. Although the majority of the adults are satisfied with their jobs, few cases have been reported of being pleased with the specific such as the opportunities for advancement in their career, recognition of the employees and the flexibility. In the recent, there was the use of random selection technique for the sample size from the area of research of business, which is banking (Dopkeen and DuBois, 2014). The study analysed the stress factor s that are facing workers in Australia and the impact on the organization (Beehr, 2014). There has been a presentation of stress management techniques, which would allow individuals as well as organization to implement. The questionnaires that were used in the were both open headed questions as well as interviews were done. In the research done approximately, fifty-five percent of the employed are happy with their job. Approximately forty five percent of individuals highlighted they have been satisfied from the employer recognizing them. More than half of the employees highlighted that they feel stressed during their workday others said because of the low salary it influenced their stress level at the workplace (punch, 2016). Additionally, employees highlighted that lack of opportunities for the growth as well as advancement, heavy workload, the presence of unrealistic job expectations are long hours in the workplace were some of the stress in the workplace. Nearly two-thirds of the employees who were interviewed highlighted that their employers made some cut because of the recession (punch, 2016). The most common reported reduced companies had made laying of the employees, which was followed by reducing or perhaps eliminating on the bonuses, as well as increasing of their insurance costs. Method The research has been made using the qualitative approach, with the utilization of both descriptive and exploratory case study approach. The data that has been collected is through the structured interview with ten different employees in the banking sector in Australia. The stress in the workplace survey research was carried out through interviews and handing out of questionnaires to individuals who are working in Australia either part-time, and full-time (Di Virgilio, Bova, and Holt, 2015). The results, which were obtained from the research, were weighted based on the age, education, sex, household income as well as region. The samples were usually based on the individuals who were invited to participate in the research through invitation by letter through the email, and no estimates of the theoretical sampling error, which was calculated. After the research the participants they became acquainted with the written questions, and they prepared to express their opinions on the issues of stress in the workplace, the face-to-face interview was appointed. For the topic to become more attractive as well as practical, the interviews were done to the persons who were sampled (Punch, 2016) Most of the knowledge was taken from the interviews; the theme connected with the literature, magazines and from my experience. Most of the respondents stated that stress at work resulted from the interaction of an individual and the working conditions. Nonetheless, the attitude varies depending on the significance of the working environment and the employees personal features. Respondents The effectiveness of an interview depends on how good the respondent respond to a given issue. A good interviewee should be well prepared, has confident, enthusiastic as well as positive in regards to the company and the role, observant and a good listener to what is being said. In this research, I will identify some characteristics that have been exhibited to the interviewees on the investigation carried out (Punch, 2016). Ten respondents were interviewed for the research, five males, and five females. The age of the individuals ranged between twenty-one to forty-five years across the various department of the banking sector who are either part-time or full-time basis. The ethnicity of the respondent was diverse from the whites, blacks and Asian to provide a broad range of cultural background. The occupations of the interviewees ranged from the managers, bank tellers, customer care and the support staff in the banking (Velez, Moradi and Brewster, 2013). The method that was used for recruitment was random sampling to give equal opportunity for the sample size. I found the respondent in Hume Bank in Australia. The bank has over nineteen branches, which serve more than fifty-eight thousand customers in Australia. I recruited the ten individuals from these banks who are in different positions in the various department of the bank. The research was based on the banking sector. Therefore, I identified that I would base the research from this institution. Random sampling was done to get the ten individuals for the research. Questionnaire The research that has been adopted the deductive approach, use of survey strategy, which has been well suited for the approach. Data is required to determine the causes of the stress in the workplace. The purpose of the survey they can help collect the data to a sizeable audience, and it is a cost effective way. The study usually done through a means of the questionnaire that provide a standardized data and thus making it easier for comparison. Additionally owning to the nature of the data for the research there is the use of the statistical analysis technique through the representation of the graphs to identify the causes of the stress in the workplace and the impact it has created. Additionally, to answer the research question, the data was also collected from the use of the theories as well as case studies, which were analysed qualitatively. Procedure The questionnaires have been divided into two sections. The first part of information regards issues on the demographics such as the age, ethnicity, and the tenure in the organization as well as the job role (Velez, Moradi and Brewster, 2013). The section part consists of the questions that are related to the knowledge of the organization, behavior and the use of the knowledge. The data was collected using questionnaire, and it took a period of two weeks. Results The causes of the stress in the workplace usually range from individual problems to the workload, physical working environment, conflicts among the colleagues and the managers. According to the interviewed people they highlighted that they suffered from stress because of the physical working environment and the overload with the tasks they were given. Some of the respondents emphasized that they were not being recognized for the work they did and this demotivated them to work harder (LaMontagne, Keegel, Shann and Noblet, 2015). The management did not look into the matters of the career growth of the employees. Therefore, many were stagnant and still struggling at the same level they were for more than three years. The hypothesis of the research the causes and the impact of the stress in the workplace has been supported from the evident that stress has been caused by the different phenomenon and each aspect depends on of an individual. Discussion Job stress usually has an impact on both men and women although there are some gender differences in a certain degree. In general, women are more likely to experience the physical symptoms such as stress, irritability, and depression. Women are usually more liable to cope with workplace stress with the unhealthy behaviours. The workplace stress imposes a lot as well as far-reaching costs on the workers wellbeing and the profitability of an organization. The stress in the workplace has been growing concern about the current state of the economy, where the workers increasingly facing conditions of the overwork, insecurity of job, lack of the autonomy, and the levels of the jobs satisfaction. The workplace stress has been highlighted as the detrimental impact on the well-being of the workers, or perhaps from arising in the workplace. References Beehr, T.A., 2014. Psychological stress in the workplace (psychology revivals). Routledge. Choi, M.F., Lendai, F., Mulok, M. and Helmi, S., 2015. Relationship between Selected Leadership Style and Employee Stress Level at Workplace. Journal of Cognitive Sciences and Human Development, 1(1), pp.11-21. Di Virgilio, F., Bova, N. and Holt, S., 2015. Physical and Psychosocial Sources as Potential Predictors of Job Stress in the Workplace. In Global Enterprise Management (pp. 37-59). Palgrave Macmillan US. Dopkeen, J.C. and DuBois, R., 2014. Stress in the Workplace. LaMontagne, A.D., Keegel, T., Shann, C. and Noblet, A., 2015. Integrating job stress and workplace mental health literacy intervention: Challenges and benefits. In Derailed Organizational Interventions for Stress and Well-Being (pp. 27-35). Springer Netherlands. Punch, R., 2016. Employment and Adults Who Are Deaf or Hard of Hearing: Current Status and Experiences of Barriers, Accommodations, and Stress in the Workplace. American Annals of the Deaf, 161(3), pp.384-397. Velez, B.L., Moradi, B. and Brewster, M.E., 2013. Testing the tenets of minority stress theory in workplace contexts. Journal of counseling psychology, 60(4), p.532.